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Good looks aren’t everything in screen acting. Gene Hackman, who has died at 95, was hardly the most conventionally handsome face in Hollywood, while the voice was a congestive rasp strewn with quirky chuckles and changes of pitch.
在银幕表演中，外表并不代表一切。享年95岁的吉恩•哈克曼(Gene Hackman)并不是好莱坞最传统的英俊面孔，他的嗓音带有一种沙哑的音色，夹杂着古怪的笑声和音调的变化。
All this unusual leading man needed was the world’s worst hat — that unforgettable porkpie in The French Connection — to win the 1972 Best Actor Oscar. His browbeating New York police detective Jimmy “Popeye” Doyle was the anti-hero of the hour and year.
这位与众不同的男主角只需要一顶世界上最糟糕的帽子——《法国贩毒网》(The French Connection)中那顶令人难忘的猪肉帽——就能赢得1972年的奥斯卡最佳男主角奖。他饰演的咄咄逼人的纽约警探吉米•“大力水手”•道尔是当时的反英雄人物。
The actor went even more defiantly dowdy (crumpled raincoat, dowdy suit) for his role as a surveillance expert and conspiracy sleuth in Francis Ford Coppola’s The Conversation (1974).
在弗朗西斯•福特•科波拉(Francis Ford Coppola)导演的《对话》(The Conversation)（1974年）中，这位演员为了饰演一名监视专家和阴谋侦探，故意打扮得更加邋遢。
By his own admission, he wasn’t an actor with a mission: he took what came and seldom pursued coveted roles. Nor did he mouth off about political issues in age rampant with ideological gab (see Jane Fonda, Warren Beatty, Robert Redford). But for 30 years, from his hoodlum brother in Bonnie and Clyde (1967) to his philandering president in Absolute Power (1997), Hackman was a character actor with a star’s punch and pay-packet.
他自己也承认，他不是一个有使命感的演员：他随遇而安，很少追求令人羡慕的角色。在意识形态口无遮拦的时代，他也不会大谈政治问题（见简•方达(Jane Fonda)、沃伦•比蒂(Warren Beatty)、罗伯特•雷德福(Robert Redford)）。但30年来，从1967年《邦妮与克莱德》中的流氓兄弟到1997年《绝对权力》中的花花公子总统，哈克曼一直是一位具有明星气质和片酬的角色演员。
Born in San Bernardino, California, on January 30 1930, he had a childhood that was as geographically jumbled as his ancestry (Pennsylvania Dutch, English, Scottish). The family moved to Danville, Illinois, where Hackman’s father ran a newspaper printing press before running out on his wife and children: a moment — the casual goodbye wave — his son said he never forgot.
1930年1月30日，哈克曼出生于加利福尼亚圣贝纳迪诺(San Bernardino)，他的童年和他的祖先（宾夕法尼亚荷兰人、英国人、苏格兰人）一样，地理上错综复杂。全家搬到了伊利诺伊的丹维尔，哈克曼的父亲在那里经营一家报纸印刷厂，后来抛弃了妻子和孩子：他的儿子说，那一刻——随意的挥手告别——他永远不会忘记。
The young Hackman joined the Marines at 16, serving for four years as a field radio operator. Fulfilling long-nursed ambitions to act, he joined the Pasadena Playhouse in 1956, where he befriended a seven-years-younger Dustin Hoffman. Moving to New York, they formed a room-sharing pool of three with another struggling actor, Robert Duvall.
年轻的哈克曼16岁时加入了海军陆战队，担任了四年的战地无线电操作员。1956年，为了实现酝酿已久的表演理想，他加入了帕萨迪纳剧院，并在那里结识了比他小7岁的达斯汀•霍夫曼(Dustin Hoffman)。搬到纽约后，他们与另一位很难赚到足够钱的演员罗伯特•杜瓦尔(Robert Duvall)组成了三人合租小组。
To add extra farfetchedness to this convergence of future stars, two got famous in the same year. In 1967, Hoffman starred in The Graduate while Hackman turned down a role in the same film to play Warren Beatty’s brother in Bonnie and Clyde. The performance won Hackman a Best Supporting Actor Oscar nomination. (Duvall had already garnered attention in 1962 with a small role in To Kill a Mockingbird). In the next 30 years these three men would notch up 18 Academy Award nominations between them, including five wins.
更让人感到不可思议的是，两位未来巨星竟然在同一年成名。1967年，霍夫曼主演了《毕业生》，而哈克曼拒绝了同一部影片中的角色，转而在《邦妮与克莱德》中扮演沃伦•比蒂的弟弟。这一表演为哈克曼赢得了奥斯卡最佳男配角提名。杜瓦尔早在1962年就因在《杀死一只知更鸟》中的一个小角色而备受关注。在接下来的30年中，这三人共获得18项奥斯卡提名，其中包括5次获奖。
Hackman quickly became a volatile, versatile screen powerhouse. He was adept alike at stroppy sports coaches (Downhill Racer, 1969), sentimental mid-lifers (I Never Sang for My Father, 1970) or priests on capsized liners (The Poseidon Adventure, 1972). The French Connection (1971) was his first commercial superhit as a star. But his own favourite role was his forlornly peppy hobo, opposite a young Al Pacino, in the road movie Scarecrow, winner of the top prize at the 1973 Cannes Film Festival.
哈克曼很快成为银幕上多变的多面手。他擅长扮演脾气暴躁的体育教练（《下坡赛车手》，1969年）、多愁善感的中年人（《我从未为父亲唱过歌》，1970年）或翻船邮轮上的牧师（《海神号历险记》，1972年）。《法国贩毒网》（1971年）是他作为明星的第一部商业超级大片。但他自己最喜欢的角色是在公路电影《稻草人》中饰演的惆怅而活泼的流浪汉，与年轻的阿尔•帕西诺(Al Pacino)演对手戏，该片获得了1973年戛纳电影节(Cannes Film Festival)最高奖。
He was prolific and dependable for the rest of the century. Tautly textured villains — Lex Luthor in Superman, the Machiavels and martinets of The Firm, Crimson Tide, Enemy of the State — alternated with tormented everymen whose plain features concealed reserves of tragic humanity. Nicolas Roeg’s Eureka (1983) was a critically spurned curio with a vintage Hackman performance.
在本世纪余下的时间里，他多产且可靠。他饰演的反派角色——《超人》中的莱克斯•卢瑟(Lex Luthor)，《坚定者》、《赤潮》、《国家公敌》中的马基雅维尔和马蒂内——都具有紧凑的质感，而他饰演的普通人则饱受折磨，朴实的外表下隐藏着悲剧性的人性。尼古拉斯•罗格(Nicolas Roeg)的《尤里卡》（1983年）是一部评论界不屑一顾的奇作，但哈克曼的表演堪称经典。
He brought depth to Arthur Penn’s Night Moves (1975) and Alan Parker’s Mississippi Burning (1988), then won a second Oscar, for Best Supporting Actor, in Clint Eastwood’s Unforgiven (1992), playing a corrupt sheriff with dark sadistic menace. In the 1990s and beyond he revealed unsuspected comedy skills in Get Shorty (1995), The Birdcage (1996) and The Royal Tenenbaums (2001).
他为阿瑟•佩恩(Arthur Penn)的《夜行者》（1975年）和艾伦•帕克(Alan Parker)的《密西西比在燃烧》（1988年）增添了深度，随后在克林特•伊斯特伍德(Clint Eastwood)的《不可饶恕》（1992年）中饰演一位带有黑暗虐待倾向的腐败警长，并因此获得了第二座奥斯卡最佳男配角奖。20世纪90年代及之后，他在《矮子当道》（1995年）、《鸟笼》（1996年）和《天才一族》（2001年）中展现了鲜为人知的喜剧才华。
At the 2003 Golden Globes he was honoured with a Cecil B DeMille award for “outstanding contribution to the entertainment field”. By then he had moved on to another field: fiction writing. With underwater archaeologist David Lenihan he co-authored three historical fiction works. Later he went solo with a Western novel, Payback at Morning Peak (2011), and returned to French Connection territory with the police thriller Pursuit (2013). Other non-filmic enthusiasms included amateur motor racing and, continuing into his retirement from movie acting, painting.
在2003年金球奖上，他因“对娱乐领域的杰出贡献”而荣获塞西尔•B•德米尔奖。此时，他已转向另一个领域：小说创作。他与水下考古学家大卫•莱尼汉(David Lenihan)合著了三部历史小说。随后，他独自完成了西部小说《晨峰复仇》（2011年），并以警察惊悚小说《追捕》（2013年）重返《法国贩毒网》的主题领域。他其他非电影方面的爱好包括业余赛车，并在从影坛退休后继续从事绘画。
He died alongside his second wife, Betsy Arakawa, whom he married in 1991, and is survived by three children from his first marriage to Faye Maltese.
他与1991年结婚的第二任妻子贝茜•荒川(Betsy Arakawa)一起去世，第一任妻子菲•马尔蒂斯(Faye Maltese)为他留下了三个孩子。（译者注：他们家中的爱犬也不幸命丧现场。目前怀疑他们的死因是一氧化碳中毒。）